Child Labor and Child Discipline its Reasons and Associated Health Effects in Sindh Pakistan

Authors

  • Sehrish Karim Department of Public Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Hajra Khwaja Department of Public Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Nurose Karim EUC Health Medical Center, Stantosbury Rd. Green Ville NC, USA

Keywords:

Selected: Child Labor, Child Discipline, Health Effects, Legal Contex

Abstract

Child labor and child discipline are important public health issues to address, to maintain a child’s physical and mental wellbeing. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-8.7) has a special emphasis on ending child labor. As per Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 2010, several factors such as poverty, social attitudes and large family size as well as low educational rates contributes behind child labor in Pakistan. Several legal context and laws in Sindh are to protect children against child labor. Joint efforts from parents, children and teachers can be an effective tool in improving children’s life skills, knowledge thereby strengthening school attendance and ending child labor in Sindh, Pakistan.

References

Strang D, Chang PM. The International Labor Organization and the welfare state: institutional effects on national welfare spending, 1960-80. International Organization. 1993 Apr 1:235-62.

International Labour Organization (2008), Sub-regional information System on Child Labour, IPEC, retrieved June 3, 2008,

Straus MA, Paschall MJ. Corporal punishment by mothers and development of children's cognitive ability: A longitudinal study of two nationally representative age cohorts. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2009 Jul 23;18(5):459-83.

Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) and Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930; Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87); Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98); Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100); Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105); Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111); Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138); and Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).

Pakistan Decent Work Country Programme III - Progress Report 2016-2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018, from https://www.ilo.org/islamabad/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_635143/lang--en/index.htm.

Battro AM, Léna P, Sánchez Sorondo M, von Braun J. Children and Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing AG; 2017.

Jabeen T. Child protection legislation in Pakistan: Bringing international child rights obligations and local values together. Pakistan Journal of Criminology. 2016 Jul 1;8(3):16.

Jabeen T. Pakistan's Child Protection Legislative and Policy Frameworks: A Critical Review. Pakistan Journal of Criminology. 2013 Jul 1;5(2):159.

Convention on the Rights of Child. United Nations human rights http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx (Accessed on 20- 10- 2014).

Edmonds EV, Pavcnik N. Child labor in the global economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2005 Mar;19(1):199-220.

Farooq MS. Millennium development goals (MDGs) and quality education situation in Pakistan at primary level. International Online Journal of Primary Education (IOJPE) ISSN: 1300-915X. 2018 Jul 30;7(1).

Boyden J, Ling B, Myers W. What works for working children. Sweden: Save the Children; 1998.

Tauson M. Child Labor in Latin America: Poverty as Cause and Effect. Human Rights & Human Welfare. 2009:31-43.

Murphy, Damien (2005). Eliminating Child Labour Through Education: The Potential for Replicating the Work of the MV Foundation in India. Centre for Development Studies, University College Dublin.

Mapaure C. Child labour: A universal problem from a Namibian perspective. Children’s Rights in Namibia. 2009 Nov 1:201-22.

Heim C, Nemeroff CB. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinicastudies. Biological psychiatry. 2001 Jun.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

Karim, S. K., Khwaja, H., & Karim , N. . (2022). Child Labor and Child Discipline its Reasons and Associated Health Effects in Sindh Pakistan. ALTAMASH JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY AND MEDICINE, 1(2), 64–69. Retrieved from https://ajdm.altamash.edu.pk/index.php/ojs3/article/view/14